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V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog also known as KRAS is a protein which in humans is encoded by the KRAS gene. KRAS has been extensively studied in a wide array of human malignancies, including mCRC. Mutant KRAS can be detected in approximately 30-50% of colorectal cancers. The Ras-Raf-MAPK pathway lies just downstream of EGFR

The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) activates an important pathway that leads to cell proliferation, differentiation, migration/motility, adhesion, protection from apoptosis, enhanced survival and gene transcription.

: Pulmotype provides pathologists with a valuable new tool to help their oncologist clients understand which patients are eligible for a number of new therapies now available for the treatment of NSCLC . Its ability to accurately sub-classify lung cancer will enable physicians to make much more informed and effective therapy decisions.

The test must be conducted on the tumour tissue. Tumour tissue removed from the body (following biopsy or surgery) is processed into a tissue block and stored at the hospital where the operation takes place. Once a decision is made to test for KRAS mutations, the patient's doctor will arrange to have a portion of that saved tissue block sent to a laboratory where KRAS testing is conducted. Results are then sent back to the treating physician. The testing process may take up to 2-3 weeks.